UMM Writing Room

UMM Writing Room

Handout 2.7


SENTENCE COMBINING TO AVOID COMMA SPLICES, FUSED SENTENCES, AND RUN ONS



Comma splices, fused sentences and run-ons occur because two complete sentences (independent clauses) are joined incorrectly.

Comma splices are two complete sentences that are joined with only a comma.
________________________________, ______________________________.


Fused sentences are two sentences joined together with nothing between them.
______________________________ | ________________________________.

Run-ons are two sentences joined together with only a coordinating conjunction.
______________________________ and ______________________________.

These are inappropriate ways to join two sentences. Here is an example:

I made lasagna I made garlic bread.



To correct this problem, you can think of complete sentences as individual "scenes" that can be arranged in five different ways: number one has the strongest separation:

1. The strongest separation is the period.

I made lasagna. I made garlic bread.

2. If you want to separate the two sentences but still keep their ideas close together, you can use a semicolon.

I made lasagna; I made garlic bread.

3. Sometimes, you may want to make the second sentence relate to the first. You can use a semicolon with a relationship word such as therefore, still, consequently, l likewise, then, moreover, also, otherwise, however, nevertheless, in fact, instead, for example, n addition, furthermore

I made lasagna; then I made garlic bread.

4. You can also use a comma with a coordinating conjunction. They must be used together in order to create a strong enough separation. Coordinating conjunctions are: and, or, but, nor, yet, so, for

I made lasagna, and I made garlic bread.

5. You can make one sentence part of, or subordinate to, the other sentence by adding a subordinator. Subordinators: after, although, as, as if, as long as, where, whereas, whether, while, which, so that, than, though, till, who, whom, why, how, whose.

After I made lasagna, I made garlic bread.
OR
I made lasagna before I made garlic bread.


Handout courtesy of The Write Place, St. Cloud State University
Revised by Angela Gulick, September 1994


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